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从土地相关令状开始
Praecipe in Capite
直属封臣权利令状
Rex vicecomite salutem．Praecipe X quod juste et sine dilatione reddat A unum mesuagium cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone quod clamat esse jus et haereditatem suam et tenere de nobis in capite et unde queritur quod praedictus X ei injuste deforciat ut dicit．Et nisi fecerit, et praedicuts A fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo,tunc summone eum per bonos summonitores quod sit coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonastrium (1) (tali die) ostensurus quare non fecerit．Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. (2)
The King to the sheriff greeting. Command X that justly and withoutdelay he render to A one messuage with the appurtenances in Trumpington which he claims to be his right and inheritance, and to hold of us in chief and whereof he complains that the aforesaid X unjustly deforceth (3) him．And unless he will do this, and（if）the aforesaid A shall give you security to prosecute his claim, then summon by good summoners the aforesd (4) X that he be before our justices at Westminster ［on such a day］ to show wherefore he hath not done it．And have there the summoners and this writ.
国王向郡长致意。兹命令X即刻公正且不迟延地将其声称享有权利并继承的在特龙平顿的住宅及其附属建筑交还A，A以朕的直属封臣的身份保有此等地产并据此控告X非法驱逐了他。除非X交还原物，否则，在原告A为执行自己的请求对你提供了担保的情况下，特派能干之送达吏告知上述X必须在（在某某日）于威斯敏斯特出庭说明他拒绝执行的原因。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。
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(1) 即在民事诉讼高等法院。
(2) 菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第51页。菲茨赫伯特的《令状选编》出版于1534年。当引用F.N.B.而没有注明日期时，一般都指1533年的版本。这里所加的译文摘自1794年英文版本，目的是为了帮助学生理解，而此版本仍保留了1533年版本的页码标注。
(3) 即现代英语中的deforced。————译者注
(4) 此处的aforesd 为aforesaid的缩写。————译者注
Breve de recto
权利令状
Rex K（a bishop, baron or other lord of manor）salutem．Praecipimus tibi quod sine dilatione plenum rectum teneas A de uno mesuagio cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone quod clamat tenere de te per liberum servitium（unius denarii per annum）pro omni servitio, et quod X ei deforciat．Et nisi feceris, vicecomes de Cantabrigia faciat, ne amplius inde clamorem audiamus pro defectu recti. (1)
The King to K greeting．We command you that without delay you do full right to A of one messuage with the appurtenances in Trumpington which he claims to hold of you by free service of ［so much］per annum for all service, of which X deforceth him．And unless you will do this, let the sheriff of Cambridge do it that we may hear no more clamour thereupon for want of right.
国王向K（主教、男爵或其他封建主）致意。朕命令你即刻授予A对位于特龙平顿的一所住宅及其附属物的完全权利，A主张通过自由役务（以每年交纳什一税的方式）从你处获得对该地产的占有，但后来X驱逐了他。如果你不服从命令，那么剑桥郡的郡长将会执行此命令，以便朕因此不会再听到由于丧失权利而发出的怨诉。
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(1) 布拉克顿：《英格兰的法律与习惯》第328页第1论题；菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第1页G部分。
Assisa Novae Disseisinae
恢复新近被占土地之令状
Rex vicecomiti salutem．Questus est nobis A quod X injuste et sine judicio disseisivit eum de libero tenemento suo in Trumpingtone post ultimum reditum domini regis de Brittannia in Angliam（or other period of limitation）．Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod, si praedictus A fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo, tunc facias tenementum illud reseisiri de catallis quae in ipso capta fuerint et ipsum tenementum cum catallis esse in pace usque ad primam assisam cum justiciarii nostri ad partes illas venerint．Et interim facias xii liberos et legales homines de visneto illo videre tenementum illud et nomina illorum imbreviari．Et summoneas eos per bonos summonitores quod sint ad primam assisam coram prefatis justiciariis nostris, parati inde facere recognitionem．Et pone per vadium et salvos plegios praedictum X vel ballivum suum, si ipse inventus non fuerit, quod tunc sit ibi auditurus recognitionem illam．Et habeas ibi summonitorum nomina, plegios et hoc breve. (1)
The King to the sheriff greeting．A hath complained unto us that X unjustly and without judgment hath disseised him of his freehold in Trumpington after ［the last return of our lord the king from Brittany into England］．And therefore we command you that, if the aforesd A shall make you secure to prosecute his claim, then cause that tenement to be reseised and (2) the chattels which were taken in it and the same tenement with the chattels to be in peace until the first assize when our justices shall come into those parts．And in the mean time you shall cause twelve free and lawful men of that venue to view that tenement and their names to be put into the writ．And summon them by good summoners that they be before the justices aforesd at the assize aforesd , ready to make recognizance thereupon．And put by gages and safe pledges the aforesd X or, if he shall not be found, his bailiff, that he be then there to hear that recognizance．And have there the（names of the）summoners, the pledges, and this writ. (3)
国王向郡长致意。A已向朕起诉X在（朕最后一次从布列塔尼回到英格兰）之后非法且未经审判地占有了本该属于他的在特龙平顿自由保有的土地。因此朕命令你，如果原告A为执行自己的诉讼请求对你提供担保，你要让他重新占有保有产以及附属其上的动产，并使同一保有产连同动产在朕的法官第一次巡回审判中接手它们前处于和平状态。同时你应召集审判地附近12名自由守法的臣民来现场勘验此保有产，并在令状上签名。随后派能干的送达吏召集他们参加原告A的巡回审判，并准备具结作保。且通过质押担保保证被告X，或者如果他未被抓获，他的百户长届时会到场听取上述查证。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。
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(1) 布拉克顿：《英格兰的法律与习惯》第179页第1论题；菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第69页，这里的说法已经渐渐有所不同。
(2) 此处脱漏了“of”。
(3) 菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第177页E部分。
Assisa de Morte Antecessoris
收回被占继承土地之令状
Rex vicecomiti salutem．Si A fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo tunc summoneas per bonos summonitores xii liberos et legales homines de visneto de Trumpingtone quod sint coram (1) justiciariis nostris ad primam assisam cum in partes illas venerint, parati sacramento recognoscere si B pater,（mater, frater, soror, avunculus, amita） (2) praedicti A fuit seisitus in dominico suo ut de feodo de uno mesuagio cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone die quo obiit, et si obiit post ［period of limitation］, et si idem A ejus haeres propinquior sit．Et interim praedictum mesuagium videant et nomina eorum inbreviari facias．Et summone per bonos summonitores X qui mesuagium praedictum tenet quod tunc sit ibi auditurus illam recognitionem．Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. (3)
The King to the sheriff greeting．If A shall make you secure, &c．then summon, &c．twelve free and lawful men of the neighbourhood of Trumpington that they be before our justices at the first assize when they shall come into those parts, ready to recognise by oath if B father ［mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt,］ of the aforesd A was seised in his demesne as of fee, of one messuage with the appurtenances in Trumpington the day whereon he died, and if he died after ［the period of limitation］ and if the same A be his next heir: and in the mean time let them view the sd (4) messuage, and cause their names to be put in the writ, and summon by good summoners X who now holds the aforesd messuage, that he may be there to hear that recognizance; and have there the summoners and this writ. (5)
国王向郡长致意。如果A就执行他的诉讼请求提供担保，则到时就应召集12个邻近特龙平顿的自由守法臣民，让他们在朕的法官着手处理这些问题时参加审判并宣誓查证，是否A的父亲（母亲、兄弟、妹妹、叔叔、叔婶）B在死亡之日已完全保有其在特龙平顿的住宅及其附属物；他是否在起诉期间已死亡；是否上述A是他的较近顺位的继承人；同时让这些合法臣民现场勘验前述住宅，并在令状中记下他们的名字，并由能干的送达吏传唤此刻占有此等住宅的X，他可以到场听取上述查证。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。
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(1) 可能是“在威斯敏斯特”或在朕挑选的诚实可靠的人（特殊的司法长官）面前。
(2) 就这些“转手”而言，由威廉·罗利引入的收回被占祖父地产令、收回被占曾祖父地产令和收回被占之表兄弟姐妹令等身份令状得以使用。至于这几种诉讼形式，请参见菲茨赫伯特，《令状选编》第220、221页。
(3) 布拉克顿：《英格兰的法律与习惯》第253页第2论题。
(4) 此处的sd 是said的缩写。————译者注
(5) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第195页E部分。
Brevia de Ingressu
进占令状
Rex vicecomiti salutem．Praecipe X quod juste et sine dilatione reddat A unum mesuagium cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone quod clamat esse jus et haereditatem suam et in quod praedictus X non habuit ingressum nisi——
a．per W qui illud ei dimisit qui inde injuste et sine judicio disseisivit eundem A ［or B patrem ejusdem A cujus haeres ipse est］ post ［time of limitation］．
b．per W cui V illud dimisit qui inde injuste etc., as above.
c．post disseisinam quam T inde injuste et sine judicio fecit B patri ejusdem A cujus haeres ipse est post ［time of limitation］ et unde queritur．
d．per K quondam virum ipsius A qui illud ei dimisit, cuiipsa in vita sua contradicere non potuit, ut dicit．
e．per W cui K quondam vir ipsius A qui illud ei dimisit, cui ipsa in vita sua contradicere non potuit, ut dicit．
f．post dimissionem quam K quondam vir ipsius A, cui ipsa in vita sua contradicere non potuit, inde fecit T ut dicit et unde queritur．
g．per W cui praedictus A illus dimisit dum non fuit compos mentis．
h．per W cui praedictus A illud dimisit dum fuit infra aetatem．
i．per W cui B pater praedicti A cujus haeres ipse est illud dimisit ad terminum qui praeterut．
Et nisi fecerit summone eum per bonos summonitores quod sit coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium tali die ostensurus quare non fecerit．Et habeas ibi nomina summonitorum et hoc breve．
国王向郡长致意。兹命令X即刻公正且不迟延地将A声称自己享有权利并继承的，而前述的X并无进占权的位于特龙平顿的住宅及其附属建筑交还A，除非————
1．是W将此等房屋及其附属建筑出租给他的，而W是在非法且未经审判的情况下在起诉期间从A（或者是从继承人A的父亲B那里）强占了它们。
2．V将此等住宅及其附属建筑出租给了W，后来X通过W得到了他们，但是V是在非法且……其余同上。
3．T非法地且在未经审判的情况下对继承人A的父亲B进行了强占，随后B提起了指控。
4．他是通过A的亡夫K得到争议地产的，K曾把此等住宅及其附属建筑出租给他，正如A所言，她不能在他生前反对。
5．他是通过W得到争议地产的，A的亡夫K曾把此等住宅及其附属建筑出租给W，正如A所言，她不能在他生前反对。
6．A的亡夫K将该住宅及其附属建筑转让给了T，正如A所言，她不能在他生前反对，但此后A就此提起控告。
7．他是通过W得到争议地产的，A声明自己是在神志不清的情况下将住宅及其附属建筑交给W的。
8.他是通过W得到争议地产的，A声明自己是在未成年的情况下将住宅及其附属建筑交给W的。
9.他是通过W得到争议地产的，A的父亲B，A是他的继承人，声明是将已过了租期的住宅和附属建筑交给了W。
除非他照令执行，否则应通过能干的送达吏传唤被告，使其于公告之日在威斯敏斯特出庭说明拒绝执行的原因。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。 (1)
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(1) 上面给出的进占令状只是一个几乎可以涵盖任一可以想见的土地保有人权利瑕疵的令状集合体中的一小部分。在菲茨赫伯特所记载的令状中，主要有：
（1）基于强占的令状，有时也称作“关于……的”进占令；此时的权利瑕疵就是强占（上述 1、2、3例当然都属于这种情况）；
（2）既定情况下或相似情况下（前述53页已对此作出解释）回复土地占有令状，此时的权利瑕疵是一个享有终身或限定继承地产权的妇女或享有鳏夫地产权的人所为的越权转让；
（3）收回被侵占土地的令状，以丈夫的转让为前提（上例4、5、6）；
（4）收回离婚前转让之地产令，婚姻关系已经解除时亦同（此令状具有不可思议的现代意义）；
（5）回复违反真意转让之地产令状（上例7）；
（6）恢复幼年转让之地产令状（上例8），以一个白痴或未成年人各自所为的转让为基础；
（7）租期届满回复土地占有令（上例9），此时的瑕疵是超出租期的占有；
（8）回复被侵占之终身保有地产令，此时的瑕疵与收回被占继承土地令状所涉的非法行为类似；
（9）回复未经牧师会同意转让之地产令，此时的瑕疵是修道院院长在未经牧师会同意的情况下所为的转让。
上述每一个令状都可以采用一定次数内“转手”的“per”（比如例1）、“per and cui”（比如例2）以及超出 “转手”次数的转让而由《马尔伯勒法》所规定的“post”形式（上述令状中的例3）。梅特兰教授在此删掉了几个例子中一些字词以使其简明易懂。
Quare ejecit infra terminum
租期内逐出承租人之令状
Rex vicecomiti salutem．Si A fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo tunc summoneas etc．X quod sit coram justiciariis etc．ostensurus quare deforciat praefato A unum mesuagium cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone, quod M ei dimisit ad terminum qui nondum praeteriit, infra quem terminum idem M praefato X illud mesuagium vendidit occasione cujus venditionis idem X praefatum A de mesuagio praedicto ejecit ut dicit．Et habeas ibi etc. (1)
国王向郡长致意。如果A就执行他的诉讼请求提供担保，那么就应传唤X参加审判，并向前述之A证明他为何要扣留位于特龙平顿的一所房屋及其附属建筑，而此房屋和附属建筑是M附期限出租给A的，在租期尚未届满期间，上述M又将其出售给前述的X，基于M的出售，上述X像A所说的那样，将他从上述住房中驱逐出去。朕命你派遣送达吏并执行此令，特谕。
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(1) 菲茨赫伯特：《令状选编》第198页B部分。
Trespass quare clausum fregit
侵入他人圈地之令状
Rex vic．sal．Si A fecerit etc．tunc pone per vadium et salvos plegios X quod sit etc．ostensurus quare vi et armis clausum ipsius A apud X Trumpingtone fregit ［et blada sua ibidem crescentia falcavit etc．etc.］ et alia enormia ei intulit ad grave damnum ipsius A et contra pacem nostram．Et habeas ibi nomina plegiorum et hoc breve. (1)
国王向郡长致意。如果A就执行他的诉讼请求提供担保，那么应通过出庭保证人保证X出庭。说明他为何要用暴力和武器侵入上述A位于特龙平顿的圈地（并收割了A在此地正在生长的庄稼，等等），外加其它给A造成重大损失并违反朕的安宁的行为。朕命你暂收此保证物、执行此令，特谕。
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(1) 此一令状和下一令状的编排并没有顾及他们出现的时间次序，主要是为了想把有关土地的令状列为一组。
De ejectione firmae
逐出租地之令状
Rex vic．sal．Si A fecerit te securum etc．tunc pone etc．X quod sit coram etc．ostensurus quare vi et armis unum mesuagium apud Trumpingtone, quod M praefato A dimisit ad terminum qui nondum praeterint, intravit et ipsum a firma sua praedicta ejecit et alia enormia ei intulit ad grave damnum ipsius A et contra pacem nostram．Et habeas ibi etc．
The King to the sheriff greeting．If A shall make you secure, &c．then summon, &c．X that he be before our justices at Westminster on（such a day） (1) to show wherefore with force and arms he entered into one messuage in Trumpington which M demised to the said A for a term which is not yet passed and ejected him, the said A, from his farm aforesaid: and other enormous things did, to the great damage of him the said A and against our peace: and have there the names of the pledges ... -->>
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